![]() ![]() In this context, a better understanding of the risk factors and outcomes associated with low birth weight allows a more qualified care to pregnant women and the newborn using more appropriately the new technologies developed in the area of prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal care. ![]() The estimated relative risk of low birth weight for neonatal mortality is almost 200 times higher when compared with newborns with adequate birth weight. Newborns weighing less than 2500 g have a higher risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality, malnutrition in the first year of life, susceptibility to infections, respiratory distress and traumas during childbirth, and development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The lower the birth weight and the gestational age, the greater the chance of death in the first year of life. īirth weight, besides the gestational age and sex of the newborn, has a close relationship with infant mortality and its components (neonatal mortality-NM and postnatal mortality-PNM). It should be noted that the last classification includes two complementary and non-exclusive categories: “very low birth weight” (VLBW), when the weight is less than 1500 g, and “extremely low birth weight” (ELBW), which indicate less than 1000 g. According to this measure, newborns are classified as “macrosomic,” a term used for newborns weighing more than 4000 g “adequate birth weight” (ABW), which refers to the birth weight of 3000–3999 g “inadequate or insufficient birth weight” (IBW), indicating the range between 25 g and “low birth weight” (LBW), if the weight is less than 2500 g. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines birth weight as the first measurement obtained from the newborn and that defines the classification of weight strata. LBW had a greater association with IM, especially those children of younger mothers and those born in public hospitals.īirth weight is an important indicator and prognostic factor for the health of newborns, as it reflects the nutritional and metabolic conditions of the mother, as well as fetal development during pregnancy. The cesarean section was a protective factor for IM in Extremely and Very LBW strata and it was a risk factor in adequate birth weight stratum. Prenatal care with less than three visits demonstrated a risk for IM in low, insufficient, and adequate birth weight strata. A higher percentage of infant deaths were associated with lower maternal age and lower schooling for all strata. Extremely LBW newborns presented higher risk for mortality when born in a public hospital. With the exception of macrosomics, all other strata had a higher risk for IM when compared with adequate birth weight. There was a tendency for a decrease in mortality in all strata of weight. ResultsĪ total of 277,982 newborns were included in the study and 2088 died before their first year. Sequential Poisson regression analyzed the impact of the determinant factors. The mortality trends were performed for each birth weight stratum: extremely low, 4000 g. Retrospective cohort study with data collected from Information Systems (Live Births and Mortality). This study evaluated the relationship of birth weight with Infant mortality (IM) through the influence of biological, social, and health care factors in a time series. Low birth weight (LBW) newborns present different health outcomes when classified in different birth weight strata. ![]()
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